當下,越來越多人開始重視睡眠質量,尤其是睡眠時長,但有些人可能發現,即便努力睡夠8小時,醒來還是覺得昏沉乏力、沒精神。
其實,睡眠有個“黃金4小時”,23點~次日凌晨3點睡好了,能夠更好地恢復精力、維持健康。
Currently, an increasing number of individuals emphasize sleep quality, particularly sleep duration. However, some individuals may observe that despite securing eight hours of sleep, they still experience lethargy, fatigue, and a lack of vitality upon awakening. In fact, there is a "golden four hours" for sleep. Sleeping well between 11 pm and 3 am the following day can better restore energy and maintain health.
lethargy /?leθ.?.d?i/ 嗜睡
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圖源: VCG
23點~次日凌晨3點對睡眠很重要
中西醫都建議,如果無法保證睡眠整體時長,這4個小時一定要入睡。這里說的“入睡”不是指“上床”,而是要在23點前進入睡眠狀態。
中醫:肝膽修復關鍵期
子時(23點~次日凌晨1點)入睡,能讓膽氣順暢疏泄,膽汁分泌正常,為第二天的消化代謝、精力充沛打下基礎。
丑時(凌晨1點~3點)肝經氣血最旺盛,熟睡模式下,肝臟能完成自我修復。
西醫:血管、大腦都受益
褪黑素在23點至次日7點進入分泌高峰,入睡時間盡量在11點前,更容易入睡。
Melatonin enters its peak secretion period between 11 pm and 7 am the next day. Keeping the sleep onset time before 11 pm makes it easier to fall asleep.
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英國牛津大學等多個機構發表于歐洲心臟病學會旗下期刊的研究發現,入睡時間點和心血管患病風險呈現“U”型關系,在22~23點睡覺的人,心血管疾病風險最低。
另外,凌晨1~3點是成年人進入深度睡眠的高峰,此時身體生長激素分泌活躍,有助修復細胞、延緩衰老、增強抵抗力;大腦也會在這一時段高效清除代謝廢物,修復神經細胞。
Additionally, 1 am to 3 am is the peak period for adults to enter deep sleep. At this time, the secretion of growth hormone is active, which helps repair cells, delay aging, and enhance immunity. The brain also efficiently clears metabolic waste and repairs nerve cells during this period.
metabolic /?met.??b?l.?k/ 新陳代謝的
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避開3種不良睡眠習慣
生活中判斷自己是否“睡好了”,需結合“夜間狀態”與“白天精力”。
夜間狀態主要看入睡速度、睡眠連續性和睡眠深度:
一般來說,從躺下準備入睡到真正入睡,成年人應少于30分鐘,兒童應少于20分鐘,超過這一時間通常屬于入睡困難。
Regarding the duration from lying in bed preparing for sleep to actually falling asleep, adults require less than 30 minutes, and children require less than 20 minutes. Exceeding this time frame is classified as difficulty falling asleep.
夜間覺醒次數最好不超過1次,即使醒來,也應在10—15分鐘內再次入睡。
在睡眠深度方面,具有睡眠監測功能的手環可作為參考,其計算出的睡眠效率(實際睡眠時長/臥床時長)若達到85%以上,通常被認為睡眠質量較好。
白天精力看個人狀態,高質量睡眠通常能保證第二天精力充沛,警覺性和注意力正常,沒有明顯的焦慮、煩躁等情緒波動,也不會出現乏力、肌肉酸痛等身體不適或明顯疲勞感。
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生活中,有3類不良睡眠習慣最突出——
頻繁熬夜,機體難修復
人體器官遵循約24小時的生物節律。例如肝臟在夜間承擔重要的代謝與修復功能,熬夜相當于強迫其“加班”。即便第二天補覺,也往往只能彌補睡眠時長,難以恢復原本的睡眠質量。
此外,熬夜時還容易額外進食,增加肥胖風險。
節律紊亂,多病風險高
我國《健康數據科學》期刊發表的一項研究顯示,睡眠節律紊亂——如突然晚睡或晚起兩小時、整天躺在床上缺乏活動——與帕金森病和2型糖尿病發病風險顯著升高相關。
A study published in the Chinese journal Health Data Science shows that sleep rhythm disorders, such as suddenly going to bed or waking up two hours later, or lying in bed all day without activity, are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes.
藥物助眠,產生依賴性
失眠時,有些人會自行服用助眠藥物。雖然短期內可能感覺睡眠有所改善、日常功能也未受明顯影響,但長期使用可能產生依賴,并帶來認知方面的副作用,如記憶力下降、情緒識別能力變差等。
給不同人群的助眠方案
上班族:學會“大腦關機”
上班族的問題多與睡前信息過載、藍光刺激、焦慮相關,建議開啟“數字宵禁”,睡前1小時不碰電子設備,必要時開啟夜間模式,并將屏幕亮度調暗。
The sleep issues experienced by office workers are primarily associated with pre-sleep information overload, blue light stimulation, and anxiety. It is advised to implement a digital curfew by avoiding electronic devices for one hour before sleep. When necessary, individuals should activate night mode and reduce screen brightness.
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建立睡眠暗示,給大腦“下班信號”,比如把手機放在客廳固定位置充電,用紙質書閱讀、聽白噪音或有聲書替代刷電子屏。
睡前記錄次日待辦事項,明確今日已結束、明日需完成的事情,可減少工作相關的睡前焦慮。
老年人:打造“日夜反差”
老年人的痛點集中在晝夜節律紊亂、睡眠片段化、日間活動不足。
The primary challenges for older adults are concentrated in circadian rhythm disturbances, sleep fragmentation, and insufficient daytime activity.
白天老年人要動起來,可在固定時段曬太陽,比如在上午9~11點去戶外快走或打太極拳30分鐘,微微出汗即可。
老年人本來就覺少,不必強求8小時,可嘗試“分段睡眠”,在午間小睡20~30分鐘,且保證在下午3點前結束,以免影響晚間睡眠。
如果夜間醒后超20分鐘無睡意,不用強迫自己入睡,可起身去客廳聽輕音樂,只打開亮度不高的小夜燈,等有困意再回去睡覺,打破“床=失眠”的焦慮聯想。
As seniors generally need less sleep, a 20- to 30-minute nap before 3 pm may help. If they cannot fall asleep within 20 minutes at night, they should get up and return to bed when sleepy.
慢病患者:建立“醫睡協同”
慢病患者的睡眠問題多來源于癥狀干擾、用藥影響,日常可記錄“睡眠-用藥-癥狀日志”,核心內容是睡眠時長、夜間覺醒次數及原因(如夜尿、疼痛)、睡前飲食/用藥情況、次日精力狀態,可供醫生適時調整治療方案。
Sleep disturbances among patients with chronic diseases primarily originate from symptom interference and medication effects. Patients can maintain a daily "sleep-medication-symptom log". The core components comprise sleep duration, the frequency and causes of nocturnal awakenings (such as nocturia and pain), pre-sleep diet and medication status, as well as next-day energy levels, providing a reference for physicians to adjust treatment plans appropriately.
在排除疾病因素后,可針對常見問題通過調整生活方式加以改善:
比如夜尿多的人可將飲水時間盡量安排在白天,睡前2小時盡量不再飲水,同時減少冬瓜等利尿食物的攝入。
一些糖尿病患者夜間可能出現心慌、出汗等低血糖癥狀。若睡前血糖低于6.1毫摩爾/升,可適量補充1片全麥面包或1杯無糖牛奶,并在床頭準備糖果、餅干或糖水等應急食品,以備不時之需。
因疼痛影響睡眠者,睡前可對不適部位進行熱敷,同時配合冥想等方式轉移注意力,有助于緩解不適、提高入睡質量。
來源:人民日報 生命時報
跟著China Daily
精讀英語新聞
“無痛”學英語,每天20分鐘就夠!
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