航空航天技術(shù)賦能鐵路：推進(jìn)鐵路互聯(lián)互通、安全保障與數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型

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歐盟鐵路與航天機(jī)構(gòu)深化合作，將衛(wèi)星通信與定位技術(shù)融入未來歐洲鐵路交通管理系統(tǒng)（ERTMS）及未來鐵路移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)（FRMCS）。歐洲鐵路行業(yè)正加快應(yīng)用歐盟太空計(jì)劃，以強(qiáng)化鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互聯(lián)互通性、安全性與數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型。

由Galileo衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)和歐洲地球同步衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)（EGNOS）提供的衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)，已應(yīng)用于鐵路資產(chǎn)管理、貨車遠(yuǎn)程信息處理及信號系統(tǒng)等鐵路場景。Copernicus地球觀測系統(tǒng)通過監(jiān)測鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及周邊環(huán)境所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)，為鐵路設(shè)施設(shè)備的預(yù)測性維護(hù)提供支撐。歐洲鐵路聯(lián)合組織、歐盟太空計(jì)劃署與歐盟鐵路局正開展合作，將這些技術(shù)能力進(jìn)行更系統(tǒng)化的整合。

依托歐洲鐵路的科研創(chuàng)新框架，合作各方在提升指揮控制能力的同時(shí)，保障未來運(yùn)營的統(tǒng)一協(xié)同。雙方合作的標(biāo)志性成果為EGNOS4Rail項(xiàng)目，由歐洲鐵路聯(lián)合組織、歐盟太空計(jì)劃署、歐洲空間局與歐盟鐵路局聯(lián)合研發(fā)，驗(yàn)證了衛(wèi)星定位可安全支撐歐洲列車定位功能。

與此同時(shí)，歐洲鐵路交通管理系統(tǒng)的新一代通信層正通過驗(yàn)證。未來鐵路移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)（FRMCS）由歐盟委員會監(jiān)督，國際鐵路聯(lián)盟與歐盟鐵路局合作開發(fā)，旨在替代現(xiàn)有GSM-R系統(tǒng)，為歐洲列車控制系統(tǒng)（ETCS）與語音通信提供安全、大容量的數(shù)據(jù)骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

強(qiáng)化鐵路衛(wèi)星通信應(yīng)用

在EGNOS4Rail項(xiàng)目基礎(chǔ)上，歐洲鐵路聯(lián)合組織、歐盟鐵路局、歐盟太空計(jì)劃署與歐盟委員會組建專家小組，評估歐盟衛(wèi)星通信在鐵路信號及安全關(guān)鍵通信中的應(yīng)用。小組將分析應(yīng)用場景、制定系統(tǒng)需求，研究太空通信如何同時(shí)支撐高密度干線與區(qū)域線路。

該舉措與歐盟更宏觀的衛(wèi)星互聯(lián)與安全基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)計(jì)劃相契合，旨在提升地面覆蓋盲區(qū)外的安全性、抗毀性與高速通信能力。對鐵路而言，這將為FRMCS系統(tǒng)增加冗余備份，為低流量線路提供高性價(jià)比的ERTMS部署方案。

歐洲鐵路聯(lián)合組織執(zhí)行董事喬治奧·特拉瓦伊尼表示：“該專家小組是未來在鐵路安全關(guān)鍵通信與非安全相關(guān)通信領(lǐng)域，落地應(yīng)用歐洲安全太空解決方案的必要第一步。”

歐盟鐵路局執(zhí)行董事奧娜·蓋爾吉內(nèi)斯庫指出，衛(wèi)星通信（SATCOM）與ERTMS結(jié)合，可提升系統(tǒng)抗毀性，為ETCS與語音系統(tǒng)提供安全、冗余的通信通道。歐盟太空計(jì)劃署執(zhí)行董事羅德里戈·達(dá)科斯塔補(bǔ)充道，將伽利略、EGNOS與哥白尼系統(tǒng)融入鐵路運(yùn)營，在提升定位精度、系統(tǒng)韌性與安全性的同時(shí)，強(qiáng)化了歐洲的戰(zhàn)略自主。

https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/234886/space-enabled-rail-partners-advance-interoperability-safety-and-digital-transformation/

Space-enabled rail partners advance interoperability safety and digital transformation

EU rail and space agencies expand cooperation to embed satellite communications and positioning into future ERTMS and FRMCS systems.

The European rail sector is accelerating adoption of the EU Space Programme to strengthen interoperability, safety and digital transformation across the network.

Satellite-based localisation powered by Galileo and EGNOS is already deployed in rail applications including asset management, wagon telematics and signalling. Copernicus earth observation data is also supporting predictive maintenance by monitoring railway infrastructure and surrounding environments. These capabilities are now being integrated more systematically through collaboration between Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking, European Union Agency for the Space Programme and European Union Agency for Railways.

This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions.”

Under the research and innovation framework of Europe’s Rail, partners are enhancing command and control capabilities while ensuring harmonised future operations. A flagship outcome of this cooperation is EGNOS4Rail, developed jointly by Europe’s Rail, EUSPA, European Space Agency and ERA, demonstrating how satellite positioning can safely support train localisation in Europe.

At the same time, the next generation telecommunications layer of the European Rail Traffic Management System is being validated. The Future Railway Mobile Communication System is being developed in cooperation with International Union of Railways and ERA, under the supervision of the European Commission. FRMCS is intended to replace GSM-R and provide the secure, high-capacity data backbone required for ETCS and voice communications.

Strengthening satellite communications in rail

Building on EGNOS4Rail, Europe’s Rail, ERA, EUSPA and the European Commission are establishing an expert group to assess the use of EU satellite-based communications in railway signalling and safety-critical telecommunications. The group will analyse use cases, define system requirements and examine how space-based connectivity can support both high-density corridors and regional lines.

This initiative aligns with broader EU plans to create an Infrastructure for Resilient Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite, designed to enhance security, resilience and high-speed connectivity beyond terrestrial coverage. For rail, this could introduce redundancy within FRMCS and provide cost-effective ERTMS deployment options on lower-traffic routes.

Giorgio Travaini, Executive Director of Europe’s Rail, said: “This expert group is the needed first step towards a future exploitation of secure space-based European solutions for both safety-critical and non-safety-related railway telecommunication.”

Oana Gherghinescu, Executive Director of ERA, noted that SATCOM combined with ERTMS offers an opportunity to boost resilience and provide secure, redundant communication channels for ETCS and voice systems. Rodrigo da Costa, Executive Director of EUSPA, added that integrating Galileo, EGNOS and Copernicus into rail operations is improving accuracy, resilience and safety while reinforcing Europe’s strategic autonomy.

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